Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatment Methods of Achilles Tendon Problems

Achilles Tendon Problems: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatment Methods

The Achilles tendon is one of the strongest and largest tendons in our body. However, this strong structure can be damaged due to overloading or misuse, leading to a condition called Achilles tendinopathy. This condition, common in both athletes and the general population, can be effectively treated when managed correctly.

What Is the Achilles Tendon?

The Achilles tendon attaches the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone (calcaneus) and plays a significant role when walking, running, or jumping. This tendon bears a significant load during daily activities and can become susceptible to injuries.

What Is Achilles Tendinopathy?

Achilles tendinopathy is a condition where small damages occur in the tendon fibers due to repetitive loads applied to the tendon, leading to a disruption in the healing process of these damages. This condition can also be referred to as tendinitis (inflammation) or tendinosis (degeneration).

Who Is at Risk for Achilles Tendinopathy?

While Achilles tendinopathy is common among athletes, it can affect individuals of all ages and lifestyles. Risk factors include:

• Age: More common in individuals over 30 years old.
• Gender: More prevalent in males.
• Overuse: Particularly common in individuals engaged in sports such as running, soccer, tennis.
• Inadequate Footwear: Wearing old or poorly designed shoes can increase the risk.
• Muscle Weakness and Tightness: Weak or excessively tight calf muscles can strain the tendon.
• Obesity: Increases the load on the Achilles tendon.
• Diabetes: Can negatively impact tendon health.

What Are the Symptoms?

Individuals with Achilles tendinopathy commonly experience the following symptoms:

• Morning Stiffness: Stiffness and discomfort in the tendon in the mornings, which usually diminishes with movement.
• Pain: Pain that worsens, especially after exercise, varying in intensity.
• Tenderness: Pain and swelling felt on touch over the tendon.
• Swelling or Lump on the Tendon: A lump may form along the tendon.

Diagnostic Methods:

Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination. However, imaging methods such as ultrasound or MRI may be used in some cases to clarify the diagnosis.

Treatment Options:

The goal of Achilles tendinopathy treatment is to reduce pain and restore the normal function of the tendon. Treatment options include:

1. Conservative Treatment

• Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that trigger pain is essential.
• Ice Application: Applying ice several times a day can reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
• Exercises:
• Eccentric Exercises: Reduce stress on the tendon, promoting healing. These exercises are considered the gold standard treatment for Achilles tendinopathy.
• Stretching Exercises: Stretching the calf muscles and tendon to reduce tension.
• Orthoses and Shoe Modifications: Orthopedic insoles supporting the foot arch can be used.

2. Medication

• Analgesics: Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to relieve pain.

3. Advanced Treatment Options

• Dry Needling or PRP Injections: Can accelerate tendon healing.
• High-Volume Injections: Reduce pressure around the tendon.
• Laser Therapy: Non-invasive treatment option to support tendon healing.

4. Surgical Intervention

If conservative methods are ineffective, surgical treatment may be considered as a last resort. This procedure typically involves the removal of damaged tissue from the tendon.

Exercise Program: Eccentric Exercises

Eccentric exercises are one of the most effective methods in managing Achilles tendinopathy. These exercises accelerate the healing process by loading the tendon. The program typically consists of the following steps:

1. Rising and Lowering on Both Feet
2. Rising and Lowering on One Foot
3. Exercise with Weights on Stairs or Platform

The exercises should be performed twice a day, with each set consisting of 15 repetitions.

Conclusion

Achilles tendinopathy is a manageable condition with appropriate treatment methods. By seeking early diagnosis and proper treatment, you can control pain and preserve the health of your tendon. If you experience pain or discomfort in your Achilles tendon, consult a specialist to start your treatment process.

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