Flat feet occur in children with the collapse of the arch of the foot and usually correct by themselves during the growth process. While flat feet are a common condition in babies, if it becomes permanent after the age of 4-5, evaluation and treatment may be necessary. Treatment methods include exercises to strengthen the foot muscles, special orthoses, and physical therapy. Avoid excessive use of arch support devices, and promote natural development. If left untreated in severe cases, it can lead to joint pain and postural problems. Early intervention and regular monitoring support healthy foot development.
Flat feet or pes planus refers to a condition where the arch of the foot collapses, leaving the sole in full contact with the ground. It commonly appears:
Infants and Young Children: Flat feet are seen in almost all children under two years old due to undeveloped, soft arches.
Children Up to the Age of 10: By the age of 4-5, most arches begin to form; persistent flat feet in older children may require intervention.
Observe the Arch:
Ask the child to stand on their toes.
If the arch appears during this movement, flat feet are likely physiological and not concerning.
Look for Symptoms:
Pain during walking or running.
Difficulty in wearing regular shoes or physical activities.
Professional Evaluation:
A pediatric orthopedist may recommend further evaluation using gait analysis or special orthoses.
Exercises and Physical Therapy:
Focus on strengthening foot muscles and increasing flexibility.
Activities like walking on tiptoes, balancing, and foot stretching exercises are highly effective.
Special Orthoses:
Custom-designed devices can provide support for the child's foot structure.
These are preferred over generic orthotic shoes found in stores.
Avoid Excessive Use of Arch Supports:
Modern research shows that routine use of arch-supporting shoes offers minimal benefit.
The focus continues to be on natural development and activity-based solutions.
If left untreated in severe cases, flat feet can lead to the following:
Joint Pain: Affects the knees, hips, and back due to improper alignment.
Postural Problems: Discomfort caused by distorted walking patterns.
Exercise and proper guidance prevent complications and support healthy foot development.
Flat feet in children are often a normal part of growth and typically correct themselves. Parents can monitor their children's arch development and consult a specialist for persistent issues. Emphasizing exercises and specialized treatments over generic devices provides better outcomes and healthier movement patterns.
