Macular Degeneration is a serious eye disease that particularly leads to central vision loss in elderly individuals. This disease, which has two main types, dry and wet, can negatively affect visual acuity and daily life. The progression of the disease can be slowed down with vitamin supplements, anti-VEGF treatment, and lifestyle changes. Early diagnosis and regular eye check-ups play a critical role in the management of macular degeneration.
Macular Degeneration, particularly known as age-related macular degeneration, is a progressive eye disorder that affects central vision. This condition is common, especially in individuals over 60 years old, and is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the elderly. This disease that affects the macula region responsible for central vision of the retina can make everyday activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces difficult.
Dry Macular Degeneration: This more common form accounts for ? of cases. The disease progresses slowly with the thinning of the macula. Yellow deposits called drusen that accumulate under the retina can lead to vision loss over time. Although dry macular degeneration is not as severe as the wet form, it can still adversely affect the quality of life.
Wet Macular Degeneration: Less common but faster and more severe, characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina. These vessels can leak fluid and blood, causing damage to the macula and sudden vision loss. Early diagnosis is vital in the treatment process.
Macular Degeneration may not initially show significant symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, the following symptoms may occur:
Blurred central vision, distorted lines.
Dark or empty areas in the center of vision (central scotomas).
Difficulty in performing tasks requiring reading and fine vision.
Comprehensive eye examination is necessary for the diagnosis of the disease. Visual acuity tests, dilated eye examinations, and imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to detect abnormal blood vessels or retinal damage.
Some factors that increase the risk of Macular Degeneration include:
Age: Risk significantly increases over the age of 60.
Genetics: Individuals with a family history are at higher risk.
Smoking: Both forms of the disease are more common in smokers.
Nutrition: Inadequate intake of antioxidants can increase the risk of developing the disease.
Currently, there is no definitive treatment for Macular Degeneration. However, there are some treatment options available to slow down the progression of the disease:
Vitamin Supplements: Patients with dry macular degeneration are recommended high doses of antioxidants such as lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamins C and E. These nutrients support eye health and can slow down the progression of the disease.
Anti-VEGF Treatment: In wet macular degeneration, anti-VEGF drugs are injected into the eye. These drugs prevent the growth of abnormal blood vessels and the leakage of fluid that damages the retina.
Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking and adopting a diet rich in leafy greens and omega-3 fatty acids are recommended. Regular eye check-ups are also important for early diagnosis and treatment.
Although Macular Degeneration cannot always be prevented, some lifestyle changes can reduce the risk:
Healthy Eating: Adopting a diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids.
Exercise: Regular exercise to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Eye Protection: Use UV-protective sunglasses to protect your eyes from harmful blue light and ultraviolet rays.
Macular Degeneration is an important condition that can cause serious vision loss in elderly individuals. Early diagnosis and regular eye check-ups can slow down the progression of the disease. Understanding the risk factors and being aware of the symptoms are crucial for both patients and individuals at risk.
